Natural gas is frequently presented as the ideal energy for the future. Indeed it does have a certain number of advantages :
it is still relatively cheap for the moment,
it is relatively abundant : estimations for proven reserves vary between 65 and 100 years of the present consumption,
it is better dispatched at the surface of the globe than oil, for which reserves are massively concentrated in the Middle East,
it does not contain as much minor elements leading to local pollution (sulfur, particles, heavy metals, etc) than oil or coal,
il contains less carbon per unit of mass than other hydrocarbons, and therefore its combustion frees less CO2 (which enhances the greenhouse effect).
But turning the gas into a miracle energy would be a little preposterous :
even though it contains less carbon that oil or coal, gas still generates significative CO2 emissions : its use allows a diminution of "only" 25% of the CO2 emissions compared to oil (for a same quantity of freed energy) and "only" 40% compared to coal.
Combustible CO2 emitted by ton oil equivalent (1 toe = 11600 kWh = 42 GJ), in kg carbon equivalent Emissions by toe compared to those of natural gas Emissions by toe compared to those of coal Natural gas 651
0%
-42%
Coal (average value) 1.123
73%
0%
Oil and petrol 830
27%
-26%
Heavy fuel oil 890
37%
-21%
Diesel oil and domestic fuel oil 856
31%
-24%
LPG 731
12%
-35%
Kerosene 845
30%
-25%
Oil coke 1.096
68%
-2%
The above table means the following : when one burns one ton of oil equivalent of heavy fuel oil (which means that the amount of energy obtained from this combustion is 11600 kWh or 42 billion Joules, noted 42 GJ), this frees 890 kg carbon equivalent of CO2 in the atmosphere, that is 37% more than if the same quantity of energy had been obtained through burning natural gas, but 21% less than if this energy had been obtained through burning coal.
natural gas is essentially composed of methane, which is a greenhouse gas 23 times more powerful than CO2. If there are leaks in the distribution system that total 4% from the well to the final user (what is way over the real figure in most countries, but in some places in the world it is not totally excluded that such a high percentage might be reached, for example in Russia), natural gas becomes as "nasty" for the climate than coal.
it is not more renewable than oil,
in particular, a total substitution of coal and oil by gas, to allow a relatively "cleaner" energetic system, would result in a gas consumption multiplied by 4 to 5, what would exhaust the proven reserves in 15 to 25 years only !
Even if an increase of the share of gas in the short term, in order to start a decrease of the emissions while giving us the time to decrease our energy consumption, increase the share of renewables (but they are limited), or that of nuclear energy, is someting that can be supported, converting to gas is not a long term acceptable solution.